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Android App Development

Mastering Android App Development demands a harmonious blend of advanced technology and flawless user experience design.

Table of Contents

What is the Android?

By now, most people know there are two major mobile operating systems: Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS. There used to be a lot more, but now pretty much every major mobile device runs one or the other.
Android is a software package and linux based operating system for mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones.
It is developed by Google and later the OHA (Open Handset Alliance). Java language is mainly used to write the android code even though other languages can be used.
The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses.
Android App Development
  • colors.xml
    colors.xml file contains color resources of the Android application. Different color values are identified by a unique name that can be used in the Android application program.
  • strings.xml
    The strings.xml file contains string resources of the Android application. The different string value is identified by a unique name that can be used in the Android application program. This file also stores string array by using XML language.
  • styles.xml
    The styles.xml file contains resources of the theme style in the Android application. This file is written in XML language.

Android Application File Structure

It is very important to know about the basics of Android Studio’s file structure.
  • AndroidManifest.xml
    Every project in Android includes a manifest file, which is AndroidManifest.xml, stored in the root directory of its project hierarchy. The manifest file is an important part of our app because it defines the structure and metadata of our application, its components, and its requirements.
  • Java
    The Java folder contains the Java source code files. These files are used as a controller for controlled UI (Layout file).
  • drawable
    Drawables may take a variety of file like Bitmap (PNG, JPEG), Nine Patch, Vector (XML), Shape, Layers, States, Levels, and Scale.
  • layout
    A layout defines the visual structure for a user interface, such as the UI for an Android application. This folder stores Layout files that are written in XML language.
  • mipmap
    Mipmap folder contains the Image Asset file that can be used in Android Studio application. You can generate the following icon types like Launcher icons, Action bar and tab icons, and Notification icons.
  • build.gradle(Module: app)
    This defines the module-specific build configurations. Here you can add dependencies what you need in your Android application.
  • colors.xml
    colors.xml file contains color resources of the Android application. Different color values are identified by a unique name that can be used in the Android application program.
  • strings.xml
    The strings.xml file contains string resources of the Android application. The different string value is identified by a unique name that can be used in the Android application program. This file also stores string array by using XML language.
  • styles.xml
    The styles.xml file contains resources of the theme style in the Android application. This file is written in XML language.

History of Android

The story of Android dates back to 2003 when Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White co-founded a start-up Android Inc. in Palo Alto, California. However, the company was later faced with the insufficiency of funds which brought Google into the picture.
All the four Co-founders soon moved to the Googleplex to continue to develop the OS further under their new owners. The first public Android Beta Version 1.0 was finally published on 5th November 2007.
VersionSDK / API levelCodenameYear
Android 13 DEVLevel 33 (Android 12L)Tiramisu-
Android 12Level 32 (Android 12)Snow Cone-
Android 12Level 31Snow Cone2021
Android 11Level 30Red Velvet Cake2020
Android 10Level 29Quince Tart2019
Android 9Level 28Pie2018
Android 8Level 27 (Android 8.1)Oreo2017
Android 8Level 26 (Android 8.0)Oreo2017
Android 7Level 25 (Android 7.1)Nougat2016
Android 7Level 24 (Android 7.0)Nougat2016
Android 6Level 23Marshmallow2015
Android 5Level 22 (Android 5.1)Lollipop2015
Android 5Level 21 (Android 5.0)Lollipop2014
Android 4Level 20 (Android 4.4W)KitKat2014
Android 4Level 19 (Android 4.4)KitKat2013
Android 4Level 18 (Android 4.3)Jelly Bean2013
Android 4Level 17 (Android 4.2)Jelly Bean2012
Android 4Level 16 (Android 4.1)Jelly Bean2012
Android 4Level 15 (Android 4.0.3 - 4.0.4)Ice Cream Sandwich2011
Android 4Level 14 (Android 4.0.1 - 4.0.2)Ice Cream Sandwich2011
Android 3Level 13 (Android 3.2)Honeycomb2011
Android 4Level 12 (Android 3.1)Honeycomb2011
Android 4Level 11 (Android 3.0)Honeycomb2011
Android 2Level 11 (Android 3.0)Honeycomb2011
Android 2Level 10 (Android 2.3.3 - 2.3.7)Gingerbread2011
Android 2Level 9 (Android 2.3.0 - 2.3.2)Gingerbread2011
Android 2Level 8 (Android 2.2)Froyo2011
Android 2Level 7 (Android 2.1)Eclair2011
Android 2Level 6 (Android 2.0.1)Eclair2009
Android 2Level 5 (Android 2.0)Eclair2009
Android 1Level 5 (Android 2.0)Eclair2009
Android 1Level 4 (Android 1.6)Donut2009
Android 1Level 3 (Android 1.5)Cupcake2009
Android 1Level 2 (Android 1.1)Petit Four2009
Android 1Level 1 (Android 1.0)None2009

Advantages of Android

  • Android Is More Customizable Can change almost anything.
  • Android is Open-source. It means no license, distribution and development fee.
  • Android uses a highly optimized virtual machine for mobile devices, called DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine).
  • Android OS is also available for televisions called Android TV.
  • Google’s been working hard to make Android’s user interface (UI) as flexible and customizable as possible.
  • Supports cloud storage enabling sync of devices with G-account.
  • Android gives users the freedom to download 3rd party widgets and also display their content on the home screen.
  • One of the biggest advantages of using devices running on Android platform is that it supports expandable memory.
  • Android phones can run many applications, it means you can browse, Facebook while listened to the song.
  • Android Developers SDK, Android Studio IDE, compilers, debuggers, emulators and all the other toolchains that you might need for a low-level development, testing and debugging.
  • Another point in favor of Android is the availability of millions of Android apps that you can install on the device from the Google Play store and other alternative stores.

Disadvantages of Android

  • Android requires the usage of Google account, most especially in installing applications, downloading content, or other activities you do—it needs to be backed up by your Google account.
  • Another thing that annoys users is the popup advertisements on Android, most especially on low-cost ones.
  • If you are running an old android smartphone, then you cannot update your smartphone to a newer version of Android.
  • When Google detects some issues with your software, it would be very permissive and might cancel your developer profile.
  • Android isn’t effective at protecting the infection. Users can import and install software from other foreign sites,.
  • Android doesn’t come with default virus protection like Apple devices but, users need to download anti-virus systems to protect the device from getting affected.
  • In the earlier system of Android, many applications still operate in the background but also move to the forefront as they would like.

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