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Table of Contents
What is the MongoDB?
MongoDB is an open-source document database and a leading NoSQL database. MongoDB is developed by MongoDB, Inc.
MongoDB is written in C++.
MongoDB is not a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). It’s called a “NoSQL” database.
It stores data in the collections as JSON based documents and does not enforce schemas.
In the RDBMS database, a table can have multiple rows and columns. Similarly, in MongoDB, a collection can have multiple documents that are equivalent to the rows.
In the RDBMS database, a table can have multiple rows and columns. Similarly, in MongoDB, a collection can have multiple documents which are equivalent to the rows.
Like any database system, MongoDB allows you to Insert, Update, Delete, and Select data. In addition, it supports other features including:
Indexing
Aggregation
Specify collection and index types
File Storage
MongoDB vs RDBMS
You can directly compare the MongoDB NoSQL with the RDBMS and map the varied terminologies in the two systems: The RDBMS table is a MongoDB collection, the column is a field, the tuple/row is a document, and the table join is an embedded document. The typical schema of a relational database shows the number of tables and the relationship between the tables, but MongoDB does not follow the concept of relationship.
MongoDB Architecture
The following are the components of MongoDB architecture:
Database
Collection
Document
Database
It is also called the physical container for data.
Every database has its own set of files existing on the file system.
In a single MongoDB server, there are multiple databases present.
Collection
The collection consists of various documents from different fields.
All the collections reside within one database. In collections no schemas are present.
Document
The set of key values are assigned to the document which is in turn associated with dynamic schemas.
The benefit of using these schemas is that a document may not have to possess the same fields whereas they can have different data types.
Advantages of MongoDB
Structure of a single object is clear in MongoDB
MongoDB comes installed with a number of features that can help to prevent data loss as well as access by unauthorized users
With MongoDB Atlas, creating and setting up a MongoDB cluster is easier than ever
There are no complex joins in MongoDB
It supports ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) property for a database transaction
It is cost-effective because it reduces cost on hardware and storage
It uses RAM to store data. This makes faster access to the data.
Disadvantages of mongoDB
You cannot perform the nesting of documents for more than 100 levels
MongoDB allows a limited size of only 16 MB for a document
Compatibility issues with SQL instructions
Map/Reduce is somewhat slow, other offerings are faster
MongoDB doesn’t support joins like a relational database. Yet one can use joins functionality by adding by coding it manually. But it may slow execution and affect performance.
In RDBMS, We need to create tables, schemas, and relations first. But in MongoDB, there is no need for such tables, schema, and relations.
