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What is the MongoDB?

MongoDB is an open-source document database and leading NoSQL database. MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc.

MongoDB is written in C++.

MongoDB is not a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). It’s called a “NoSQL” database.

It stores data in the collections as JSON based documents and does not enforce schemas.

In the RDBMS database, a table can have multiple rows and columns. Similarly in MongoDB, a collection can have multiple documents which are equivalent to the rows

MongoDB vs RDBMS

You can directly compare the MongoDB NoSQL with the RDBMS and map the varied terminologies in the two systems: The RDBMS table is a MongoDB collection, the column is a field, the tuple/row is a document, and the table join is an embedded document. The typical schema of a relational database shows the number of tables and the relationship between the tables, but MongoDB does not follow the concept of relationship.

MongoDB	RDBMS
Document-oriented and non-relational database	Relational database
Document-based	Row-based
Collection based and key-value pair	Table based
Gives JavaScript client for querying	Doesn’t give JavaScript for querying
Relatively easy to setup	Comparatively not that easy to setup
Unaffected by SQL injection	Quite vulnerable to SQL injection
Has dynamic schema and ideal for hierarchical data storage	Has predefined schema and not good for hierarchical data storage
100 times faster and horizontally scalable through sharding	By increasing RAM, vertical scaling can happen
There is no concept of joins	Joins sometimes form across tables to obtain the data.

MongoDB Architecture

It is also called the physical container for data.

Every database has its own set of files existing on the file system.

In a single MongoDB server, there are multiple databases present.

he collection consists of various documents from different fields.

All the collections reside within one database. In collections no schemas are present.

The set of key values are assigned to the document which is in turn associated with dynamic schemas.

The benefit of using these schemas is that a document may not have to possess the same fields whereas they can have different data types.

Advantages of MongoDB

Structure of a single object is clear in MongoDB
MongoDB comes installed with a number of features that can help to prevent data loss as well as access by unauthorized users
With MongoDB Atlas, creating and setting up a MongoDB cluster is easier than ever
There are no complex joins in MongoDB
It supports ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) property for a database transaction
It is cost-effective because it reduces cost on hardware and storage
We can store a large data by distributing it to several servers connected to the application. If a server cannot handle such a big data then there will be no failure condition. The term we can use here is "auto-sharding"
It uses RAM to store data. This makes faster access to the data.
MongoDB can also be used as a file system, which helps in easier way of load balancing

Disadvantages of MongoDB

You cannot perform the nesting of documents for more than 100 levels
MongoDB allows a limited size of only 16 MB for a document
Compatibility issues with SQL instructions
Map/Reduce is somewhat slow, other offerings are faster
MongoDB doesn’t support joins like a relational database. Yet one can use joins functionality by adding by coding it manually. But it may slow execution and affect performance.
In RDBMS, We need to create tables, schemas, and relations first. But in MongoDB, there is no need for such tables, schema, and relations.
There is no transaction support in MongoDB.

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Table of Contents

What is the MongoDB?

MongoDB vs RDBMS

MongoDB Architecture

Advantages of MongoDB

Disadvantages of MongoDB

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